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2018
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03
Multistage Structured High Active Electrolytic Water Electrode
With the rapid consumption of fossil fuels and environmental pollution becoming more and more serious, the development of renewable energy is imperative. Hydrogen energy is expected to replace traditional fossil fuels because of its clean and renewable characteristics. The key to the deep utilization of hydrogen energy lies in the low cost and large-scale preparation of hydrogen. Hydrogen production from electrolytic water is one of the effective ways, but its anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) still show high overpotential, which greatly limits the efficiency of hydrogen production from electrolytic water. Up to now, noble metal materials Pt/C and IrO2 are efficient catalysts for HER and OER respectively, but their high price and limited storage limit their large-scale application. Although a series of progress has been made in the research of non-noble metal HER and OER catalysts, there are still some challenges. For example, how to fabricate multi-stage nanostructured electrodes with high activity and large-scale and realize full-water electrolysis at high current density is still one of the problems and challenges to be solved urgently.
Recently, in cooperation with Professor Li Jihui of Hebei Normal University, Hu Jinsong, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, reported a simple chemical etching method for immersing industrial NiAl alloy in strong alkali solution. Because metal Al is easily etched by strong alkali and metal Ni reacts with strong alkali, it is easy to react with NiAl alloy. Ni (OH) 2 nanosheet arrays were directly formed on the substrates, forming a multi-level structure skeleton Ni (OH) 2/NiAl with high porosity. The electrochemical study showed that the framework exhibited good OER catalytic performance. The overpotential at current density of 10 and 100 mA cm-2 was 289 and 425 mV, respectively. On this basis, NiMo alloys with higher activity for hydrogen evolution reaction and NiFe alloys with higher activity for oxygen evolution reaction were deposited on Ni(OH)2/NiAl active skeleton by simple electrodeposition method, and more efficient analysis was obtained by the combination of active substances and three-dimensional multi-level active skeleton structure. NiMo/Ni(OH)2/NiAl hydrogen electrode and NiFe/Ni(OH)2/NiAl oxygen evolution electrode. The overpotential of the composite hydrogen evolution electrode at 10 mA cm-2 is only 78 mV, and the overpotential of the composite oxygen evolution electrode at 10, 100 and 500 mA cm-2 is only 246, 315 and 374 mV, respectively. The cell pressure of the electrolyzer consisting of these two electrodes is only 1.59 V at 10 mA cm-2 current density in alkaline condition.
Because the preparation method of electrolytic water electrodes in this research work is extremely simple and the raw materials are easy to obtain, high efficiency water electrolysis can be achieved by immersing industrial NiAl alloy directly in alkaline electrolyte. At the same time, the design of multi-stage electrode structure is conducive to the realization of electrolytic water at current density, so it is very convenient for large-scale preparation and realization. International industrial applications are expected to achieve large-scale production and application. This method of fabricating electrochemical device electrodes with multilevel nanostructures by etching industrial alloys also provides a new idea for the design of other highly active electrodes.
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